Table of Contents

• HISTORY OF THE USAF UFO PROGRAMS
  

  a. Return to SOHP main page 1. In the summer of 1947... 1 2. The Public and the Press 4 3. The United States Air Force Responds 11 4. Project Sign 13 5. Project Grudge 21 6. Project Blue Book 22 7. The CIA Robertson Panel 30 8. A Turning Point in the Controversy 35 Annotated Bibliography Endnotes

History of the United States Air Force UFO Programs

Endnotes

¹ Michael Swords, comp., “Cases at the Beginning of the Modern UFO Era: Kenneth Arnold, June 24, 1947,” Historical Document Series, No. 1 (J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies, Oct. 1992); and Kenneth Arnold and Raymond Palmer, The Coming of the Saucers (Amherst, WS: Legend Press, n.d.), 9-15. Also, “The 1947 Kenneth Arnold UFO Sighting” from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/cases/case511.htm. Arnold provided a drawing for the Army Air Force, dated 12 July 1947. Available online from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Arnold_AAF_drawing.jpg.

² For examples of early press reports (click on “More 1947 Reports”) see: http://www.project1947.com/fig/1947a.htm. Also, David Rudiak’s extensive compilation of UFO sighting reports in local newspapers from New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, and parts of Arkansas for June/July 1947. Available online from: http://roswellproof.com/NM_UFO_Reports.html.

³ Ted Bloecher, Report on the UFO Wave of 1947 (Washington, DC: the author, 1967). Available online (quote in Section I-2) from: http://nicap.org/waves/Wave47Rpt/ReportUFOWave1947_Menu.htm. Also, Jan L. Aldrich, Project 1947: A Preliminary Report on the 1947 UFO Sighting Wave (UFO Research Coalition, 1997).

⁴ Bloecher, Report on the UFO Wave of 1947. Available online (in Section I-4) from: http://nicap.org/waves/Wave47Rpt/ReportUFOWave1947_Menu.htm.

⁵ David M. Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), pp. 39-40; and Bloecher, Report on the UFO Wave of 1947. Available online (Section I-4) from: http://nicap.org/waves/Wave47Rpt/ReportUFOWave1947_Menu.htm.

⁶ See Bloecher’s updated chronological index of over 850 sighting reports for June and July 1947. Available online from: http://nicap.org/waves/Wave47Rpt/SightingChronology.pdf. In the years following the publication of his report, Bloecher increased the number of reports for this period to over 1000.

⁷ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America, pp. 38-39. And Aldrich, Project 1947: A Preliminary Report on the 1947 UFO Sighting Wave (1997).

⁸ Bloecher, Report on the UFO Wave of 1947. Available online (quote in Section I-9) from: http://nicap.org/waves/Wave47Rpt/ReportUFOWave1947_Menu.htm.

⁹ A comprehensive and very informative summary of the Roswell press releases and coverage is available online from: http://roswellproof.homestead.com/Press_Coverage.html.

¹⁰ See, for example: http://roswellproof.com/RMD_Wilcox_July9.html.

¹¹ See, DuBose interviews and affidavit available online from: http://roswellproof.com/dubose.html#anchor_3254.

¹² See, for examples: http://roswellproof.com/UP_Standard_July9.html.

¹³ See, for examples: http://roswellproof.com/militarydebunk.html.

¹⁴ Quoted from Herbert J. Strentz, “A Survey of Press Coverage of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1947 - 1966.” (Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University, 1970), pp.29-30.

¹⁵ Fourth Air Force, Hamilton Field, CA investigated the 8 July 1947 UFO sightings at Muroc Army Air Field (later, Edwards AFB, and Air Force Flight Test Center), California. The witness affidavits are available online from: http://www.project1947.com/fig/muroc47.htm. A few month’s later, on 14 October 1947, Air Force Capt. Chuck Yeager flew the Bell X-1 on the first manned supersonic flight at Muroc AAF.

¹⁶ See Appendix 1 (pp. 57-61) in, Michael D. Swords, “Project Sign and the Estimate of the Situation,” Journal of UFO Studies, n.s. 7, 2000: 27-64. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/papers/swords_Sign_EOTS.htm. Also HTML version available from: http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/sign/sign.htm. Re: Item (b)—the silence from topside: “As July wore on into August, Garrett, Schulgen, and Reynolds became confused by a lack of interest and pressure emanating from the high echelons of the Pentagon. The previous year they had gone through an investigative furor about a subject that they considered to be similar to the flying discs, when hundreds of “ghost rocket” reports came out of Sweden and other European countries. In 1946, the top brass had exerted continuous pressure to find an answer, but now it had gone completely quiet. It was very peculiar to Garrett and the FBI. Their mutual suspicion was that the very highest officials knew what this phenomenon was already (Swords, 2000, p. 31).

¹⁷ Schulgen, George F, Memorandum to FBI Liaison Section, 5 September 1947. “A complete survey of research activities discloses that the Army Air Forces has no project with the characteristics similar to those which have been associated with the Flying Discs.” Quoted from, Michael D. Swords, “Project Sign and the Estimate of the Situation,” p. 33. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/papers/swords_Sign_EOTS.htm.

¹⁸ Letter from General N.F. Twining, “Subject: AMC Opinion Concerning “Flying Discs,” to Commanding General, Army Air Forces, 23 September 1947. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/twining_letter_docs.htm. Text version: http://project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-r.html.

¹⁹ Edward Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1956), pp. 27-28. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm.

²⁰ Directive from Major General L. C. Craigie to Commanding General Wright-Patterson AFB, on disposition of security for Project “Sign,” 30 December 1947. Available online from: http://project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-s.html.

²¹ See Project Sign, “Supplement to Trip Report to Watson Labs—3-4 June 1948.” Available online (845-846) from: http://www.bluebookarchive.org/page.aspx?PageCode=MAXW-PBB3-845.

²² See NICAP Case Summary, “Subject: Chiles-Whitted Case, Montgomery, AL, July 24, 1947.” Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/480724adir.htm. See also follow-up and other witness reports, in Air Intelligence Information Report 129-122-79, 20 Dec. 1948. Available online (18-23) from: http://www.bluebookarchive.org/page.aspx?PageCode=MAXW-PBB4-18.

²³ Michael D. Swords, “Project Sign and the Estimate of the Situation,” p. 48-49. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/papers/swords_Sign_EOTS.htm. Edward Ruppelt was chief of Project Blue Book from 1951-1953. In 1956 he published a memoir of his experiences investigating UFOs for the USAF, titled, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects. Only the last paragraph of the quote was included in Ruppelt’s book (p. 41). Mike Swords (CUFOS) is the conservator of the Ruppelt Files.

²⁴ USAF Directorate of Intelligence and Office of Naval Intelligence, Analysis of Flying Object Incidents in the U.S., Air Intelligence Report 100-203-79, 10 December 1948. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/docs/airintelrpt100-203-79.pdf. Text version: http://www.webroots.org/library/usamisc/airts000.html.

²⁵ Swords, “Project Sign and the Estimate of the Situation,” p. 62. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/papers/swords_Sign_EOTS.htm.

²⁶ Swords, “Project Sign and the Estimate of the Situation,” pp. 63-64. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/papers/swords_Sign_EOTS.htm.

²⁷ Unidentified Aerial Objects Project “Sign” (Technical Report No. F-TR-2274-IA), February 1949. Available online (quote on p. 10) from: http://www.nicap.org/docs/SignRptFeb1949.pdf.

²⁸ Unidentified Aerial Objects Project “Sign,” Appendix “D”. Available online (pp. 37-45) from: http://www.nicap.org/docs/SignRptFeb1949.pdf. Also, “Appendix D” text version online from: http://project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-d.html.

²⁹ For an insider’s view of the abrupt change in policy, see: Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, pp. 58-59. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm.

³⁰ Unidentified Flying Objects Project “Grudge” (Technical Report No. 102-AC 49/15-100), August 1949. The quote (Conclusions) appear on p. 9 of the 413-page online version from: http://www.nicap.org/docs/grudgereport_complete.pdf.

³¹ Michael Swords, “UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War Era," in UFOs and Abductions: Challenging the Borders of Knowledge, ed. David M. Jacobs, (University Press of Kansas, 2000), 97-99.

³² For examples see items: 112; 187; 202; 231; 235; 238; 290; 291; 292; 297; 298; 304; 325; 326 in Brad Sparks, comp., Comprehensive Catalog of 1,500 Project Blue Book UFO Unknowns: A Work in Progress, 2001-2003. Available online from: http://www.aliensthetruth.com/images/docs/BB_Unknowns_1_7.pdf. In addition: http://www.cufos.org/BB_Unknowns.html. Also, for a compilation of 42 UFO sighting reports covering a period from Sept. 1950-1954, by military personnel serving in Korea, see Richard F. Haines, Advanced Aerial Devices Reported During the Korean War (Los Altos, CA: LDA Press, 1990).

³³ Jerome Clark, The UFO Encyclopedia: The Phenomenon From The Beginning, Vol. 1 (Detroit: Omnigraphics Books, 1998), pp. 431-432.

³⁴ Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, pp. 91-93. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm, and Ruppelt Files.

³⁵ Swords, “UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War Era," in UFOs and Abductions, p. 103-104. Original quote from Ruppelt Files.

³⁶ Swords, “UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War Era,” in UFOs and Abductions, p. 105.

³⁷ Department of the Air Force, AFL 200-5, (29 April 1952). Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/directives/AFL_200-5.pdf. Text version from: http://www.cufon.org/cufon/AFL200-5.htm.

³⁸ For examples of 1952 press accounts and various documents, see http://www.project1947.com/fig/1952a.htm.

³⁹ Peter Carlson, “Alien Armada! (1952 Washington, DC UFO sightings),” Washington Post, 21 July 2002. Available online from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc823.htm.

⁴⁰ Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, p. 160. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm.

⁴¹ Jerome Clark, The UFO Encyclopedia: The Phenomenon from the Beginning, Vol. 2 (Detroit: Omnigraphics Books, 1998), p. 999. Original quote from: Harry G. Barnes, “Washington Radar Observer Relates Watching Stunts by Flying Saucers,” New York World-Telegram (July 29, 1952). Reprint available online (p. 16 of PDF) from: http://www.nicap.org/articles/newsarticlesJuly1952.pdf.

⁴² Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, p. 164-165. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm.

⁴³ Clark, The UFO Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 1001. Albert Chop, the Pentagon’s Public Information Officer, was present in the radar room during Lt. Patterson’s encounter: “Let's say I was apprehensive. Damn apprehensive and maybe a little frightened! Because I didn't know what was going to happen! And, I could see what was going on on the radarscope. So, everybody was silent, and we're just listening to Barnes vectoring the plane around the different areas. And then having Patterson say he saw these objects: ‘I see them, and I'm moving in for a better look.’ And then, ‘They're all around me. What shall I do?’ You know, what would you tell him?” Chop, Albert M., 1999. Interviewed by Thomas Tulien and Brad Sparks, November 5 (Sign Oral History Project) pp. 10-14; 45-46.

⁴⁴ Peter Carlson, “Alien Armada! (1952 Washington, DC UFO sightings).” Available online from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc823.htm. Farnsworth’s quote also in: Australian Associated Press, 30 July 1952. Available online from: http://www.project1947.com/fig/1952a.htm.

⁴⁵ Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, pp. 168-167. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm.

⁴⁶ Peter Carlson, “Alien Armada! (1952 Washington, DC UFO sightings),” Washington Post, 21 July 2002. Available online from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc823.htm. And Donald E. Keyhoe, Flying Saucers from Outer Space (New York: Henry Holt, 1953), pp. 71-89. See also NICAP Case Directory: Washington National Radar/Visual Sightings from: http://www.nicap.org/wnsdir.htm; and July 1952 newspaper accounts from: http://www.nicap.org/articles/newsarticlesJuly1952.pdf.

⁴⁷ Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, pp.169-170. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm. Also of interest, original case documents for Project Blue Book case #1661, Washington National Sightings (July 1952); and a study by the Civil Aeronautics Administration in May 1953, titled, A Preliminary Study of Unidentified Targets Observed On Air Traffic Control Radars. This study was conducted on numerous targets observed 13-14 August on the Washington Microwave-Early-Warning (MEW) radar, supplemented by observations in November during initial test runs on the Indianapolis ASR-2 radar. Both available online from: http://www.cufon.org/cufon/wash_nat/wash1952.htm#Zero, Also, James E. McDonald, “Meteorological Factors in Unidentified Radar Returns” (presented to the American Meteorological Society, Nov. 1970). Available online from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/articles/metfac70.html.

⁴⁸ Truman had been receiving quarterly briefings on the flying saucer issue from his Air Force Aide, Brig. General Robert B. Landry since 1948. See (Addendum, Subject: UFOs) from: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/landryr.htm. Also Ruppelt, The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, p. 167. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/rufo/contents.htm.

⁴⁹ Gerald K. Haines. "CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90" Studies in Intelligence, Semiannual Edition, No. 1 (1997). Available online (see “Early CIA Concerns, 1947-52”) from: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/97unclass/ufo.html#top. Also from: http://www.fas.org/sgp/library/ciaufo.html.

⁵⁰ Swords, “UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War Era," in UFOs and Abductions, p. 109-111.

⁵¹ Marshall Chadwell, memorandum for DCI, ""Unidentified Flying Objects," 2 December 1952. Also Chadwell, memorandum for Amory, DDI, "Approval in Principle - External Research Project Concerned with Unidentified Flying Objects," no date. Haines, "CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90" Studies in Intelligence. Available online (Early CIA Concerns, 1947-52) from: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/97unclass/ufo.html#top.

⁵² “Report of Panel” (Tab A). In Report of Meetings of Scientific Advisory Panel on Unidentified Flying Objects Convened by Office of Scientific Intelligence, CIA, 14-18 January 1953. Available online from: http://www.cufon.org/cufon/robert.htm. Also, declassified CIA documents pertaining to UFOs available from: http://www.foia.cia.gov/ufo.asp.

⁵³ Somewhat ironically, in 1965 Arthur Godfrey disclosed on his nationwide television program an alarming UFO encounter he and co-pilot Frank Munciello experienced while piloting his private executive airplane. Donald Keyhoe, Aliens From Outer Space (1973) pp. 111-112.
Also: http://www.rense.com/ufo5/filers112699.htm

⁵⁴ Haines, "CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90" Studies in Intelligence. Available online (see Robertson Panel, 1952-53) from: https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/97unclass/ufo.html#top. Original quote (pp. 23-24) from: http://www.cufon.org/cufon/robert.htm. Also, “Within a month, the FBI was investigating Los Angeles’s Civilian Saucer Investigations, and Walter Riedel was being pressured to resign. Robertson shortly wrote to Marshall Chadwell: “That ought to fix the Forteans.” Swords, “UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War Era,” UFOs and Abductions, p. 115. Historical information on CSI-LA from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/csi/index.html#csi2.

⁵⁵ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America, p. 97.

⁵⁶ AFR 200-2 available online from: http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Air_Force_Regulation_200-2%2C_Unidentified_Flying_Objects_Reporting.

⁵⁷ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America, 104-105; JANAP 146C online from: http://www.cufon.org/cufon/janp146c.htm; JANAP 146E from: http://www.cufon.org/cufon/janp1462.htm#top.

⁵⁸ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy in America, pp. 142-144. For example, the 24 October 1968 Minot AFB case report concluded two probable (Ground-visual: Aircraft-B-52, and Astro-Sirius), and two possible explanations (Radar: Plasma, and Air-visual: Plasma). Multiple explanations were required to account for different aspects of the observations. The Blue Book Statistical Data for 1968 categorized the Minot AFB case as identified (Other), by Radar Analysis (as plasma). The Minot AFB targeting officer that analyzed the B-52 radarscope film for SAC/HQ concluded that the object was unidentified. See Quintanilla, “UFOs: An Air Force Dilemma,” available online (see p. 117 of PDF) from: http://www.noufors.com/Documents/afdilemma.pdf (mirrored at: http://www.ufologie.net/doc/quintanilla.pdf). The final chapter provides Blue Book statistical data based on UFO reports received for the years 1953-69.

⁵⁹ Swords, “UFOs, the Military, and the Early Cold War Era," in UFOs and Abductions, p. 117. Original quote from the Ruppelt Files.

⁶⁰ Donald E. Keyhoe, The Flying Saucers Are Real (New York: Fawcett Publications, 1950); Flying Saucers From Outer Space (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1953); The Flying Saucer Conspiracy (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1955). See also the Donald E. Keyhoe Archives available online at: http://www.hallrichard.com/keyhoe.htm.

⁶¹ Jacques and Janine Vallee, Challenge to Science: The UFO Enigma (Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery Co., 1966), p. 46.

⁶² Top five months for reports; July 1952: 536, November 1957: 361, August 1952: 326, August 1965: 262, May 1967: 165. See “Table 1: Number of UFO Reports Received each Month by Project Blue Book.” Available online (p. 861) from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/s5chap02.html#top. Also, Los Angeles Times, 1 August 1965, from: http://www.isgp.eu/UFOs/press_reports/1965_08_01_LAT_Unidentified_Objects_Seen_in_Sky_Again.htm.

⁶³ Francis E. Warren AFB, Cheyenne, WY is home of the 90th [Strategic] Missile Wing. The 200 ICBM Minuteman missile sites are spread over an area of 12,600 square miles in Wyoming, Colorado and Nebraska. Each Flight (designated A-T) contains a centralized Launch Control Facility, manned by a Flight Security Controller, and Security Alert Teams responsible for the security requirements of 10 Minuteman ICBM missiles, housed in remote underground silos. More information on F.E. Warren AFB from: http://www.warren.af.mil/library/factsheets/index.asp. F. E. Warren AFB, Missile Site Map available online from, http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/shared/media/photodb/photos/090108-F-1234P-002.jpg.

⁶⁴ J. Allen Hynek, The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry (Chicago, IL: Henry Regnery Co., 1972) pp. 184-185. Original transcript of telephone calls received by Project Blue Book available online (about halfway down page) from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc296.htm.

⁶⁵ See for example, “Ellington AFB [Houston, TX] UFO reports associated with Midwest flap 31 July-7 August 1965” from http://www.bluebookarchive.org/page.aspx?PageCode=NARA-PBB1-341. The reports were apparently compiled in a separate folder (file #9665) not presently available online.

⁶⁶ Vallees, Challenge to Science, p. 44; and Jerome Clark, “The Greatest Flap Yet?” Flying Saucer Review 12,1 (January/February 1966), p. 27. Also in Clark, The UFO Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 737.

⁶⁷ Vallees, Challenge to Science, pp. 44-45; Jerome Clark, “The Greatest Flap Yet?” Flying Saucer Review 12,1 (January/February 1966), p. 27

⁶⁸ Vallees, Challenge to Science, p. 45; Hynek, The UFO Experience, photo insert, Plate 2 (two photos and caption); Jacques Vallee, Forbidden Science: Journals 1957-1969 (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1992) p.146; and Clark, “The Greatest Flap Yet?” Flying Saucer Review 12,1, p. 27. Also, of photographic interest see: http://ufopics.blogspot.com/search/label/1965.

⁶⁹ Strentz, “A Survey of Press Coverage of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1947 – 1966,” pp. 47-48. Clark, UFO Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 737.

⁷⁰ Strentz, “A Survey of Press Coverage of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1947 – 1966,” p. 48. Clark, UFO Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 737.

⁷¹ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, pp. 194-195. Clark, UFO Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 737.

⁷² Strentz, “A Survey of Press Coverage of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1947 – 1966,” p.48.

⁷³ Strentz, “A Survey of Press Coverage of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1947 – 1966,” p.50.

⁷⁴ Hynek, The UFO Experience, pp. 197-198. Gen. LeBailly memorandum available online (pp. 1286-1287) from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-a.html.

⁷⁵ Ann Arbor (AP), 14 March 1966; and Ann Arbor (AP), 17 March 1966, in John C. Sherwood, Flying Saucers Are Watching You: The Incident at Dexter and the Incredible Michigan Flap (Clarksburg, WV: Saucerian Publications, 1967). Also, UFO Case Report, “The Michigan Sightings/’Swamp Gas’ Case,” available online from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/cases/case778.htm.

⁷⁶ Detroit Free Press, 22 March 1966, in Sherwood, Flying Saucers Are Watching You; and Life Magazine, “Well Witnessed Invasion by Something: from Australia to Michigan,” 1 April 1966, pp. 24-31.

⁷⁷ Ann Arbor (AP), 21 March 1966, in Sherwood, Flying Saucers Are Watching You.

⁷⁸ UFO Case Report, “Sheriffs Watch High-Performance Discs, Also Tracked on Radar” available online from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/cases/case778.htm.

⁷⁹ “News Release by William Van Horn including Lab Results of 1966 Swamp Gas Case” available online from: http://www.cufon.org/cufon/swampgas.htm; Los Angeles Times, 23 August 1966 online from: http://www.isgp.eu/UFOs/press_reports/1966_03_23_LAT_Second_Aerial_Object_Reported_in_Michigan.htm; and Life Magazine, 1 April, 1966. Also, various press accounts of the Michigan sightings from: http://www.ufologie.net/htm/michi662.htm; and a collection of documents from: http://xx12.com/Michigan%201966%20UFO.htm.

⁸⁰ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, pp. 201-202; “Statement on Dexter and Hillsdale UFO Sightings by J. Allen Hynek, Scientific Consultant to Project Blue Book,” (Detroit Press Club, 25 March 1966). Available online from: http://xx12.com/Michigan%201966%20UFO.htm.

⁸¹ Time Magazine, “Fatuus Season” 1 April 1966. Available online from: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,840602,00.html; Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, p. 202. For Quintanilla’s perspective see “The Michigan Flap” (pp. 51-52 of PDF) from: http://www.noufors.com/Documents/afdilemma.pdf. [Mirrored at: http://www.ufologie.net/doc/quintanilla.pdf].

⁸² News release, Gerald R. Ford to George P. Millar, Chairman; Rep. L. Mendel Rivers, Chairman, Science and Astronautics Committee, Armed Services Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, 3/28/66; (Folder “UFO 1966,” Box D9) Gerald R. Ford Congressional Papers, Gerald R. Ford Library. Available online from: http://www.presidentialufo.com/ufotalk.htm.

⁸³ Biography of Brian O’Brien from: http://www.optics.rochester.edu/~stroud/BookHTML/ChapII_pdf/II_12.pdf.

⁸⁴ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, pp. 198-199. “Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board, Ad Hoc Committee to Review Project Blue Book,” March 1966. Available online from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/condon/appndx-a.html.

⁸⁵ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, pp. 204-206. Also, for Quintanilla’s perspective see “The Beginning of a Congressional Coup” (pp. 53-56 of PDF) from: http://www.noufors.com/Documents/afdilemma.pdf. [Mirrored at: http://www.ufologie.net/doc/quintanilla.pdf].

⁸⁶ Air Force Regulation 80-17 at: [PDF version]

⁸⁷ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, pp. 206-209. Links to articles and documents re: the University of Colorado UFO project and the Condon report, online from: http://www.ufoevidence.org/topics/CondonReport.htm. Also: http://www.project1947.com/shg/shglinks.html#condon.

⁸⁸ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, p. 224.

⁸⁹ Michael D. Swords, “The University of Colorado UFO Project: The ‘Scientific Study of UFOs’” Journal of UFO Studies, n.s. 6, 1995/1996: pp. 157-161. Quoted in Clark, The UFO Encyclopedia: The Phenomenon From The Beginning, Vol. 2, p. 949.

⁹⁰ Lt. Col. Robert Hippler, to Dr. Edward Condon, 16 January 1967. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/docs/HipplerLetters.pdf, (includes Robert Low to Lt. Col. Robert Hippler, 27 January 1967; and news clipping of Condon’s 25 January lecture at Corning).

⁹¹ Dick Olive, “Most UFO’s Explainable, Says Scientist,” Star-Gazette (Elmira, NY, 26 January 1967). Available online (p. 5 of PDF) from: http://www.nicap.org/docs/HipplerLetters.pdf.

⁹² John G. Fuller, “Flying Saucer Fiasco,” Look, 14 May 1968. Available online from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/articles/fiasco.html.

⁹³ Jacobs, The UFO Controversy, pp. 225-238; and David Saunders and R. Roger Harkins, UFOs? Yes! (New York: Signet, 1968). Also, U.S. Congress, House, Committee on Science and Astronautics, Hearings, Symposium on Unidentified Flying Objects, 90th Cong., 2d sess., 29 July 1968. Available online from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/symposium/index.html.

⁹⁴ Review of the University of Colorado Report on Unidentified Flying Objects by a Panel of the National Academy of Sciences. (Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 8 January 1969). Text version online from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/articles/nascu.html. Also of interest re: NAS, Richard Greenwell, “Odishaw and the Condon Report” from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/articles/greenwell.html.

⁹⁵ Daniel Gilmore, ed., Final Report of the Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects (New York: Bantam, 1968). Available online (quote in Section I, page 2) from: http://project1947.com/shg/condon/index.html.

⁹⁶ "A Sledgehammer for Nuts," Nature Volume 221 (March 8, 1969): 899-900.

⁹⁷ “The Condon Report and UFOs,” review by J. Allen Hynek, in Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, April 1969: 39-42. Available online from: http://www.project1947.com/shg/articles/bas1.html. See also P.A. Sturrock, “An Analysis of the Condon Report on the Colorado UFO Project,” Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. I, No. I, 1987, pp. 75-100. Available online from: http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_01_1_sturrock_2.pdf.

⁹⁸ Air Force to Terminate Project “Blue Book”. Washington, DC: Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), 17 December 1969. Available online from: http://www.nicap.org/waves/1969BB_Termination.pdf.

⁹⁹ Records of Project Blue Book 1947-69 (National Archives Microfilm Publication T1206, [94 rolls of 35 mm film]); Records of Headquarters United States Air Force (Air Staff), Record Group 341; National Archives II, College Park, MD. NARA Guide to Federal Records online at: http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/341.html#341.15. See also: The Project Blue Book Archive: The Project Blue Book Archive provides free access to tens of thousands of official documents related to the U.S. government's investigation of the UFO phenomenon.

¹⁰⁰ This statement appears to originate in USAF Fact Sheets from the 1970s. Available online from: http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/ufo/. Re: Bibliography—see also Library of Congress, Science Reference Series (Tracer Bullet 91-1) from: http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/ufostb.html.